Angular Distance Formulary
The angular distance can be calculated either directly as the TvL difference, or via the common coordinates (here, either SAw, SBw value set can be used):
and, using half-angles,
It can, as well, be found by means of finding the chord length via Cartesian subtraction:
Also, by using Cartesian products rather than differences, the origin of the spherical cosine for sides becomes apparent:
There is also a logarithmical form:
Read more about this topic: Central Angle
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“Morality without religion is only a kind of dead reckoningan endeavor to find our place on a cloudy sea by measuring the distance we have run, but without any observation of the heavenly bodies.”
—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (18071882)