Cardiac Glycoside - Examples

Examples

Examples of plants producing cardiac glycosides:

  • Cardenolide type:
    • Antiaris toxicaria
    • Strophanthus – ouabain g/k/e-strophanthin
    • Digitalis lanata and Digitalis purpurea – digoxin, digitoxin
    • Nerium oleander - oleandrin
    • Asclepias sp.
  • Bufadienolide type:
    • Drimia maritima

Examples of animals producing cardiac glycosides:

  • Bufadienolide type:
    • Bufo toads
Glycosides
Bond
  • O-glycosidic bond
  • N-glycosidic bond
  • S-glycosidic bond
  • C-glycosidic bond
Geometry
  • α-Glycoside
  • β-Glycoside
  • 1,4-Glycoside
  • 1,6-Glycoside
Glycone
  • Fructoside
  • Galactoside
  • Glucoside
  • Glucuronide
  • Rhamnoside
  • Riboside
Aglycone
  • Alcoholic glycoside
  • Anthraquinone glycoside
  • Cardiac glycoside
    • Bufadienolide
    • Cardenolide
  • Coumarin glycoside
  • Cyanogenic glycoside
  • Flavonoid glycoside
  • Glycosylamine
  • Phenolic glycoside
  • Saponin
  • Steviol glycoside
  • Thioglycoside
  • biochemical families: proteins (amino acids/intermediates)
  • nucleic acids (constituents/intermediates)
  • carbohydrates (glycoproteins, alcohols, glycosides)
  • lipids (fatty acids/intermediates, phospholipids, steroids, sphingolipids, eicosanoids)
  • tetrapyrroles/intermediates
Cardiac glycosides (C01A)
Bufadienolides
Bufo
  • Arenobufagin
  • Bufotalin
  • Cinobufagin
  • Marinobufagin
Scilla
  • Proscillaridin
  • Scilliroside
Cardenolides
Digitalis
  • Acetyldigitoxin
  • Acetyldigoxin
  • Digitoxin#
  • Digoxin
  • Lanatoside C
  • Deslanoside
  • Metildigoxin
  • Gitoformate
Kalanchoe
  • Daigremontianin
Strophanthus
  • Ouabain (g-Strophanthin)
  • k-Strophanthin
  • Cymarin
Thevetia
  • Peruvoside
  • #WHO-EM
  • ‡Withdrawn from market
  • Clinical trials:
    • †Phase III
    • §Never to phase III

M: HRT

anat/phys/devp

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (C1A/1B/1C/1D), blte

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