Cape Dutch

Cape Dutch are people of the Western Cape of South Africa who descended primarily from Dutch and Flemish as well as smaller numbers of French, German and other European immigrants along with a percentage of their Asian and African slaves, who, from the 17th century into the 19th century, remained more or less loyal subjects of European (first Dutch, later British) powers. Meanwhile, their pastoral trekking kinsmen, the Trekboers, were migrating away from the Western Cape carving out a distinct culture and dialect with a strong desire for independence. The term Cape Dutch is believed to have been coined by Trekboers to illustrate the fact that the Cape Dutch did not share the Trekboers' culture and interests or desire for independence. The Cape Dutch tended to have not much affinity for their rustic Trekboer kinsmen whose language, culture, and frontier lifestyle they sometimes deemed inferior.

The Voortrekkers (mainly descendants of Trekboers) embarked on a series of mass migrations caused by the invading British, later known as the Great Trek.

During the early twentieth century the descendants of the Cape Dutch and the Boers of Voortrekker and Trekboer descent would collectively become known as Afrikaners. That term is based on the language they spoke, Afrikaans, which directly evolved from Dutch dialects with minor English, Malay, French and African influences. The Cape Dutch spoke a dialect called Cape Afrikaans or Western Cape Afrikaans, while the Trekboers and most Voortrekkers spoke a dialect called Eastern Border Afrikaans. The Griquas (a métis of Boer, Tswana and Khoi) spoke a dialect called Orange River Afrikaans.

The descendants of the Cape Dutch in the twentieth century were considered more "liberal" and internationalist, while their northern, somewhat estranged kinsmen, the descendants of Voortrekkers and Trekboers, were considered more conservative, republican and nationalist.

During the referendum of 1960 which asked voters if they wanted to exit from the British Commonwealth and adopt a republic in South Africa, many Cape Dutch descendants voted not in favour while most Republican Boer descendants voted in favour.

The Republic of South Africa was adopted on a 51% result of the referendum due to the popular support of the Republican Boer descendants.

The term Cape Dutch also refers to the early form of Afrikaans spoken at the Cape and also refers to a style of architectural design used in houses, farm steads, wine estates and public buildings of the 17th and 18th centuries in the Cape, particularly around Cape Town, but also in towns like Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, Paarl, Swellendam, Tulbagh and as far off as Graaff-Reinet.