Cantonese Pinyin - Comparison With Yale Romanization

Comparison With Yale Romanization

Cantonese Pinyin and the Yale romanization system represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:

• The initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, s, gw, kw, w.
• The vowel: aa (except when using alone), a, e, i, o, u.
• The nasal stop: m, ng.
• The coda: i (except of being the coda in Yale), u, m, n, ng, p, t, k.

But they have difference with the following exceptions:

• The vowels oe represent and in Cantonese Pinyin while the eu represents both vowels in Yale.
• The vowel y represent in Cantonese Pinyin while both yu (use in nucleus) and i (use in coda) are used in Yale.
• The initial j represents in Cantonese Pinyin while y is used instead in Yale.
• The initial dz represents in Cantonese Pinyin while j is used instead in Yale.
• The initial ts represents in Cantonese Pinyin while ch is used instead in Yale.
• In Cantonese Pinyin, if no consonant precedes the vowel y, then the initial j is appended before the vowel. In Yale, the corresponding initial yu is never appended before yu under any circumstances.
• Some new finals can be written in Cantonese Pinyin is not contained in Yale romanization schemes, such as: eu, em, and ep . These three finals are used in colloquial Cantonese words, such as deu6 (掉), lem2 (舐), and gep9 (夾).
• To represent tones, only tone numbers are used in Cantonese Pinyin while Yale originally uses tone marks together with the letter h (though tone numbers can be used in Yale as well).