Bomb Threat

A bomb threat is generally defined as a threat, usually verbal or written, to detonate an explosive or incendiary device to cause property damage, death, or injuries, whether or not such a device actually exists. Typically delivered by telephone, or other telecommunication means, the great majority of such threats are sociopathic behavior, intended to cause disruption, revenge or play practical jokes, rather than warning of real devices..

Criminal statutes typically dictate severe penalties. For example, the American state of Massachusetts provides for penalties of up to 20 years in prison, up to $50,000 fine, and restitution for the costs of the disruption. New York law makes it an "E Felony ... to issue a false bomb threat directed toward a school in New York State."

Some statutory definitions include the threatened use, release or placement of other harmful agents, such as poisons, biological pathogens, radioactive materials, or even a dangerous weapon (e.g., aboard an airliner). Other statutes enhance the penalties for threats made against specific places or persons (e.g., government facilities or dignitaries), and the actual possession of harmful devices or agents.

Many bomb threats that are not pranks are made as parts of other crimes, such as extortion, aircraft hijacking, arson, robbery or school attack. Actual bombings for malicious destruction of property, terrorism, or murder are often perpetrated without warnings.

The decision to evacuate an area or building, depending on the perceived reliability of the threat, may be made by local controlling authorities or those in charge of the targeted facility based on advice from bomb disposal experts. Where a large facility is involved it can be very difficult and time-consuming to ensure the absence of any bomb or other hazardous device or substance.

During the Northern Ireland conflict, paramilitary groups used pre-arranged code words when making bomb threats, to add authenticity to their claims of involvement. The codes would be updated regularly and provided to the police and the media.