The packet error rate (PER) is the number of incorrectly received data packets divided by the total number of received packets. A packet is declared incorrect if at least one bit is erroneous. The expectation value of the PER is denoted packet error probability pp, which for a data packet length of N bits can be expressed as
- ,
assuming that the bit errors are independent of each other. For small bit error probabilities, this is approximately
Similar measurements can be carried out for the transmission of frames, blocks, or symbols.
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