Bengali Language - Phonology

Phonology

The phonemic inventory of standard Bengali consists of 28 consonants and 13 vowels, including 6 nasalized vowels. The inventory is set out below in International Phonetic Alphabet (upper grapheme in each box) and romanization (lower grapheme).

**Vowels**
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ĩ		u ũ
Close-mid	e ẽ		o õ
Near-open	æ æ̃		ɔ
Open		a ã

**Consonants**
	Labial	Dental/ Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatoalveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m m	n n			ŋ ng
Plosive	p p	t̪ t	ʈ ṭ	tʃ c	k k
	pʰ ~ ɸ ph	t̪ʰ th	ʈʰ ṭh	tʃʰ ch	kʰ kh
	b b	d̪ d	ɖ ḍ	dʒ j	ɡ g
	bʱ ~ β bh	d̪ʱ dh	ɖʱ ḍh	dʒʱ jh	ɡʱ gh
Fricative				ʃ sh		ɦ h
Approximant		l l
Rhotic		r r	ɽ ṛ