The Battle of Munda took place on March 17, 45 BC in the plains of Munda, modern southern Spain. This was the last battle of Julius Caesar's civil war against the republican armies of the Optimate leaders. After this victory, and the deaths of Titus Labienus and Gnaeus Pompeius (Pompey's oldest son), Caesar was free to return to Rome and govern as dictator.
His subsequent assassination began the process that eventually led to the end of the Roman Republic with the reign of his great-nephew and adopted heir, Augustus (Octavius), as the first Roman Emperor.
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