Funding
Several sources of funding have been proposed for hypothetical socialist (public or common ownership of the means of production) economic systems:
- Collective resource ownership
- Universal stock ownership
- Profits generated by publicly owned enterprises
- A National Mutual Fund
Many different sources of funding have been suggested for a guaranteed minimum income for non-socialist economic structures:
- Negative income tax
- Income taxes
- Income tax threshold
- Sales taxes
- Capital gains taxes
- Fiat money
- Inheritance taxes
- Wealth taxes, e.g. property tax
- Luxury taxes
- Elimination of current income support programs and tax deductions
- Repayment of the grant at death or retirement
- Land and natural resource taxes
- Pollution taxes
- Fees from government-created monopolies (such as the broadcast spectrum and utilities)
- Money creation or seignorage
- Tariffs, the lottery, or sin taxes
- Technology taxes
- Tobin tax
- Value added tax or other Consumption taxes
- Demurrage
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