Appended Letters
Adeg-adeg may not used in the middle of a sentence, so gantungan (appended letters) has to be used to kill the vowel of a consonant letter in such case. Each consonant letter has a corresponding gantungan form, and the gantungan eliminates the inherent vowel /a/ of the letter it is appended to. For example, if the letter na is appended with gantungan da, the pronunciation becomes nda.
Gantungan and pangangge (diacritic) can be applied together to a letter. However, attaching two or more gantungan to one letter is forbidden; this condition is known as tumpuk telu (three layers). Adeg-adeg may be used in the middle of a sentence to avoid such situation.
The forms of gantungan are as follows:
| Gantungan/Gempelan | ||||||||
| Warga (Place of articulation) |
Pancawalimukha | Ardhasuara (Semivowels) |
Usma (Fricatives) |
Wisarga |
||||
| Unvoiced | Voiced | Nasal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kanthya (Guttural) |
Ka | Ga | Ga gora | Nga | Ha | |||
| Talawya (Palatal) |
Ca murca | Ca laca | Ja | Nya | Ya | Sa saga | ||
| Murdhanya (Retroflex) |
Ta latik | Da madu m. | Na rambat | Ra | Sa sapa | |||
| Dantya (Dental) |
Ta | Ta tawa | Da lindung | Da madu | Na kojong | La | Sa danti | |
| Osthya (Labial) |
Ba | Ba kembang | Pa | Pa kapal | Ma | Wa | ||
Read more about this topic: Balinese Alphabet
Famous quotes containing the word letters:
“Denotation by means of sounds and markings is a remarkable abstraction. Three letters designate God for me; several lines a million things. How easy becomes the manipulation of the universe here, how evident the concentration of the intellectual world! Language is the dynamics of the spiritual realm. One word of command moves armies; the word liberty entire nations.”
—Novalis [Friedrich Von Hardenberg] (1772–1801)