In NBG Class Theory
In von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory, a distinction is made between sets and classes. A class C is a set if and only if it belongs to some class E. In this theory, there is a theorem schema that reads:
that is:
- There is a class D such that any class C is a member of D if and only if C is a set that satisfies P.
This theorem schema is itself a restricted form of comprehension, which avoids Russell's paradox because of the requirement that C be a set. Then specification for sets themselves can be written as a single axiom:
that is:
- Given any class D and any set A, there is a set B whose members are precisely those classes that are members of both A and D;
or even more simply:
- The intersection of a class D and a set A is itself a set B.
In this axiom, the predicate P is replaced by the class D, which can be quantified over.
Read more about this topic: Axiom Schema Of Specification
Famous quotes containing the words class and/or theory:
“Where justice is denied, where poverty is enforced, where ignorance prevails, and where any one class is made to feel that society is in an organized conspiracy to oppress, rob, and degrade them, neither persons nor property will be safe.”
—Frederick Douglass (c. 18171895)
“The theory of rights enables us to rise and overthrow obstacles, but not to found a strong and lasting accord between all the elements which compose the nation.”
—Giuseppe Mazzini (18051872)