Atmosphere of Jupiter - Notes

Notes

  1. ^ The scale height sh is defined as sh = RT/(Mgj), where R = 8.31 J/mol/K is the gas constant, M ≈ 0.0023 kg/mol is the average molar mass in the Jovian atmosphere, T is temperature and gj ≈ 25 m/s2 is the gravitational acceleration at the surface of Jupiter. As the temperature varies from 110 K in the tropopause up to 1000 K in the thermosphere, the scale height can assume values from 15 to 150 km.
  2. ^ The Galileo atmospheric probe failed to measure the deep abundance of oxygen, because the water concentration continued to increase down to the pressure level of 22 bar, when it ceased operating. While the actually measured oxygen abundances are much lower than the solar value, the observed rapid increase of water content of the atmosphere with depth makes it highly likely that the deep abundance of oxygen indeed exceeds the solar value by a factor of about 3—much like other elements.
  3. ^ Various explanations of the overabundance of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements have been proposed. The leading one is that Jupiter captured a large number of icy planetesimals during the later stages of its accretion. The volatiles like noble gases are thought to have been trapped as clathrate hydrates in water ice.

Read more about this topic:  Atmosphere Of Jupiter

Famous quotes containing the word notes:

    “If the heart of a man is deprest with cares,
    The mist is dispell’d when a woman appears;
    Like the notes of a fiddle, she sweetly, sweetly
    Raises the spirits, and charms our ears.”
    —John Gay (1685–1732)

    “Poetry is either something that lives like fire inside you—like music to the musician or Marxism to the Communist—or else it is nothing, an empty formalized bore around which pedants can endlessly drone their notes and explanations.”
    —F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896–1940)

    “‘Tis the gift to be simple ‘tis the gift to be free
    ‘Tis the gift to come down where you ought to be
    And when we find ourselves in the place just right
    ‘Twill be in the valley of love and delight.”
    —Unknown. ‘Tis the Gift to Be Simple.

    AH. American Hymns Old and New, Vols. I–II. Vol. I, with music; Vol. II, notes on the hymns and biographies of the authors and composers. Albert Christ-Janer, Charles W. Hughes, and Carleton Sprague Smith, eds. (1980)