Armenian Words Compared To Other Indo-European Ones
Armenian is an Indo-European language, and so many of its Proto-Indo-European-descended words are cognates of words in other Indo-European languages such as English, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit. This table lists only some of the more recognizable cognates that Armenian shares with English (more specifically, with English words descended from the Old English(Anglo-Saxon) language). (Source: Online Etymology Dictionary.)
| Armenian | English | Latin | Persian | Classical and Hellenistic Greek | Sanskrit | Russian | PIE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mayr "mother" | mother (< OE mōdor) | māter "mother" | mādar "mother" | mētēr "mother" | mātṛ "mother" | mat' | *máH₂ter- "mother" |
| hayr "father" | father (< OE fæder) | pater "father" | pedar "father" | patēr "father" | pitṛ "father" | ot'ets | *pH₂tér- "father" |
| eġbayr "brother" | brother (< OE brōþor) | frāter "brother" | barādaṛ "brother" | phrātēr "brother" | bhrātṛ "brother" | brat | *bʱráH₂ter- "brother" |
| dowstr "daughter" | daughter (< OE dohtor) | Latin cognate lost | dukhtaṛ "daughter" | thugatēr "daughter" | duhitṛ "daughter" | doč' | *dʱugH₂-tér- "daughter" |
| kin "woman" | queen (< OE cwēn "queen, woman, wife") | cognate is unknown | Old Persian kiana "woman, wife" | gunē "a woman, a wife" | gnā/jani "woman" | žena "wife" | *gʷén-eH₂- "woman, wife" |
| im "my" | my, mine (< OE min) | mei "my" | man/am "my" | emeo "my, of mine" | mama "my" | moy | *mene- "my, mine" |
| anown "name" | name (< OE nama) | nōmen "name" | nām "name" | onoma "name" | nāman "name" | im'a | *H₁noH₃m-n̥- "name" |
| owt' "8" | eight (< OE eahta) | octō "eight" | (h)asht "eight" | oktō "eight" | aṣṭa "eight" | vosem' | *H₁oḱtō(u) "eight" |
| inn "9" | nine (< OE nigon) | novem "nine" | noh "nine" | ennea "nine" | nava "nine" | dev'at' | *(H₁)néwn̥ "nine" |
| tas "10" | ten (< OE tien) (< P.Gmc. *tekhan) | decem "ten" | dah "ten" | deka "ten" | daśa "ten" | des'at' | *déḱm̥ "ten" |
| ačk' "eye" | eye (< OE ēge) | oculus "eye" | chačm "eye" | ophthalmos "eye" | akṣan "eye" | oko | *H₃okʷ- "to see" |
| armownk "elbow" | arm (< OE earm "joined body parts below shoulder") | armus "shoulder" | arenj "elbow" | arthron "a joint" | īrma "arm" | *H₁ar-mo- "fit, join (that which is fitted together)" | |
| çownk "knee" | knee (< OE cnēo) | genū, "knee" | zānu "knee" | gonu "knee" | jānu "knee" | knitsa "bracket" | *ǵénu- "knee" |
| otk' "foot" | foot (< OE fōt) | pedis "foot" | pā "foot" | podi "foot" | pāda "foot" | p'ata "heel" | *pod-, *ped- "foot" |
| sirt "heart" | heart (< OE heorte) | cor "heart" | kardia "heart" | hṛdaya "heart" | serdtse | *ḱerd- "heart" | |
| kaši "skin" | hide (< OE hȳdan "animal skin cover") | cutis "skin" | pust "skin" | keuthō "I cover, I hide" | kuṭīra "hut" | koža | *keu- "to cover, conceal" |
| mowk "mouse" | mouse (< OE mūs) | mūs "mouse" | mūṣ "mouse" | mus "mouse" | mūṣ "mouse" | myš' | *muH₁s- "mouse, small rodent" |
| kov "cow" | cow (< OE cū) | bos "cattle", bum "cow" | gāv "cow" | bous "cow" | go "cow" | korova | *gʷou- "cow" |
| šown "dog" | hound (< OE hund "hound, dog") | canis "hound, dog" (canine) | sag "dog" | kuōn "hound, dog" | śvan "dog" | *ḱwon- "hound, dog" | |
| tari "year" | year (< OE gēar) | hōrnus "of this year" | yare "year" | hōra "time, year" | yare "year" | *yeH₁r- "year" | |
| amis "month" | moon, month (< OE mōnaþ) | mēnsis "month" | māh "moon, month" | mēn "moon, month" | māsa "moon, month" | mes'ats | *meH₁ns- "moon, month" |
| amaṙ "summer" | summer (< OE sumor) | samā "season" | zima "winter" | *sem- "hot season of the year" | |||
| ǰerm "warm" | warm (< OE wearm) | formus "warm" | garm "warm" | thermos "warm" | gharma "heat" | žarko "hot" | *gʷʰerm- "warm" |
| lowys "light" | light (< OE lēoht "brightness") | lucere, lux, lucidus "to shine, light, clear" | ruz "day" | leukos "bright, shining, white" | roca "shining" | luč' "beam" | *leuk- "light, brightness" |
| howr "flame" | fire (< OE fȳr) | pir "fire" | azer "fire" | pur "fire" | pu "fire" | požar | *péH₂wr̥- "fire" |
| heṙow "far" | far (< OE feor "to a great distance") | per "through" | farā "beyond" | pera "beyond" | paras "beyond" | po | *per- "through, across, beyond" |
| helowm "I pour" | flow (< OE flōwan) | pluĕre "to rain" | pur "pour" | plenō "I wash" | plu "to swim" | plavat' "swim" | *pleu- "flow, float" |
| owtem "I eat" | eat (< OE etan) | edō "I eat", edulis "edible" | xur "eat" | edō "I eat" | admi "I eat" | est' | *ed- "to eat" |
| gitem "I know" | wit (< OE wit, witan "intelligence, to know") | vidēre "to see" | Old Persian vida "knowledge" | eidenai "to know" | vid "to know" | videt' "see" | *weid- "to know, to see" |
| get "river" | water (< OE wæter) | utur "water" | rōd "river" | hudōr "water" | udan "water" | voda | (*wodor, *wedor, *uder-) from *wed- "water" |
| gorç "work " | work (< OE weorc) | urgēre "push, drive" | kar "work" | ergon "work" | varcas "activity" | *werǵ- "to work" | |
| meç "great " | much (< OE mycel "great, big, many") | magnus "great" | mega "great, large" | megas "great, large" | mahant "great" | mnogo "many" | *meǵ- "great" |
| ançanot' "stranger, unfamiliar" | unknown (< OE uncnawen) | ignōtus, ignōrāntem "unknown, ignorant" | ajnabi "stranger, unfamiliar" | agnōstos "unknown" | ajñāta "unfamiliar" | neznakomyj | *n- + *ǵneH₃- "not" + "to know" |
| meṙaç "dead" | murder (< OE morþor) | mors "death", mortalis "mortal" | marg "death" / morde "dead" | ambrotos "immortal" | mṛta "dead" | mertvyj | *mrtro-, from (*mor-, *mr-) "to die" |
| mēǰteġ "middle" | mid, middle (< OE mid, middel) | medius "middle" | meyan "middle" | mesos "middle" | madhya "middle" | meždu "between" | *medʱyo- from *me- "mid, middle" |
| ayl "other" | else (< OE elles "other, otherwise, different") | alius, alienus "other, another" | allos "other, another" | anya "other" | *al- "beyond, other" | ||
| nor "new" | new (< OE nīwe) | novus "new" | now "new" | neos "new" | nava "new" | novyj | *néwo- "new" |
| dowṙ "door" | door (< OE dor, duru) | fores "door" | dar "door" | thura "door" | dvār "door" | dver' | *dʱwer- "door, doorway, gate" |
| town "house" | timber (< OE timber "trees used for building material, structure") | domus "house" | khone "home" | domos "house" | dama "house" | dom | *domo-, *domu- "house" |
| berri, berel "fertile, carry" | bear (< OE beran "give birth, carry") | ferre, fertilis "to bear, fertile" | bordan, bar- "to bear, carry" | pherein "to carry" | bharati "carry" | brat' "to take" | *bʱer- "to bear, to carry" |
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