Signs and Symptoms
Clinical features of necrotizing periodontal disease may include:
- necrosis and/or punched out ulceration of the interdental papillae ("punched-out papillae") or gingival margin
- formation of a pseudomembrane (or "film") on the gingiva
- painful, bright red marginal gingiva that bleed upon gentle manipulation
- halitosis
Coincident factors may include heavy smoking and poor nutrition, especially for those presenting with necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis.
Read more about this topic: Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
Famous quotes containing the words signs and/or symptoms:
“A strong nation, like a strong person, can afford to be gentle, firm, thoughtful, and restrained. It can afford to extend a helping hand to others. It’s a weak nation, like a weak person, that must behave with bluster and boasting and rashness and other signs of insecurity.”
—Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter, Jr.)
“Not being a K.N. [Know-Nothing] I am left as a sort of waif on the political sea with symptoms of a mild sort towards Black Republicanism.”
—Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1822–1893)