Cultures
| The Neolithic |
|---|
| ↑ Mesolithic |
|
|
farming, animal husbandry |
| ↓ Chalcolithic |
- Mesopotamia
- Uruk period (protohistoric Sumer) 4100–3100 BC
- Proto-Elamite from 3200 BC
- Urkesh (northern Syria) founded during the fourth millennium BC possibly by the Hurrians
- Neolithic Europe and Western Eurasia
- Crete: Rise of Minoan civilization.
- The Yamna culture ("Kurgan culture"), succeeding the Sredny Stog culture is the locus of the Proto-Indo-Europeans according to the Kurgan hypothesis
- The Pit Grave ("Kurgan culture"), succeeding the Sredny Stog culture is the locus of the Turkic peoples according to the Paleolithic Continuity Theory
- The Maykop culture of the Caucasus, contemporary to the Kurgan culture, is a candidate for the origin of bronze production and thus the Bronze Age.
- Vinca culture
- Afanasevo 3500—2500 BC, Siberia, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan - late copper and early Bronze Age.
- Yamna/Kurgan 3500-2300 BC, Pontic-Caspian (east of Black Sea).
- Kura-Araxes 3400–2000 BC - earliest evidence found on the Ararat plain
- Europe
- The Trypillian culture has cities with 15,000 citizens, eastern Europe, 5500–2750 BC.
- The Funnelbeaker culture, Scandinavia, 4000–2700 BC, originated in southern parts of Europe and slowly advanced up through today's Uppland.
- Indian subcontinent
- Indus Valley Civilization
- Mehrgarh III–VI
- Africa
- Naqada culture on the Nile, 4000–3000 BC. First hieroglyphs appear thus far around 3500 BC as found on labels in a ruler's tomb at Abydos.
- Asia
- Neolithic Chinese settlements. They produced silk and pottery (chiefly the Yangshao and the Lungshan cultures), wore hemp clothing, and domesticated pigs and dogs.
- Vietnamese Bronze Age culture. The Đồng Đậu Culture, 4000–2500 BC, produced many wealthy bronze objects.
- c. 4000–3000 BC—Austronesian peoples reach Formosa (Taiwan) having crossed 150 km from China using advanced maritime technology.
Read more about this topic: 4th Millennium BC
Famous quotes containing the word cultures:
“Every age, every culture, every custom and tradition has its own character, its own weakness and its own strength, its beauties and cruelties; it accepts certain sufferings as matters of course, puts up patiently with certain evils. Human life is reduced to real suffering, to hell, only when two ages, two cultures and religions overlap.”
—Hermann Hesse (1877–1962)
“Both cultures encourage innovation and experimentation, but are likely to reject the innovator if his innovation is not accepted by audiences. High culture experiments that are rejected by audiences in the creator’s lifetime may, however, become classics in another era, whereas popular culture experiments are forgotten if not immediately successful. Even so, in both cultures innovation is rare, although in high culture it is celebrated and in popular culture it is taken for granted.”
—Herbert J. Gans (b. 1927)
“A two-week-old infant cries an average of one and a half hours every day. This increases to approximately three hours per day when the child is about six weeks old. By the time children are twelve weeks old, their daily crying has decreased dramatically and averages less than one hour. This same basic pattern of crying is present among children from a wide range of cultures throughout the world. It appears to be wired into the nervous system of our species.”
—Lawrence Kutner (20th century)