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The 39th Parliament was the longest minority government led by any federal government excepting Mackenzie King's Liberal Party government in the 14th Parliament, which fluctuated between majority and minority status. No other Conservative minority has lasted a full year, and only Lester B. Pearson's governments lasted more than two.
The 39th Parliament was controlled by a Conservative Party minority, led by Prime Minister Stephen Harper and the 28th Canadian Ministry, which assumed power on February 6, 2006. The Official Opposition was the Liberal Party, led first by interim leader Bill Graham, and then by Stéphane Dion for the remainder of the Parliament's life.
The Speaker is Liberal Peter Milliken. Milliken was re-elected as the Speaker of the House for the 39th Parliament on April 3, 2006. The Speaker only votes in a tie, and, as Milliken is a Liberal, the Liberal caucus was effectively reduced by one. This, along with the defection of Wajid Khan to the Conservatives enabled the Conservatives to pass legislation with the cooperation of any one of the three opposition parties: Liberals, Bloc Québécois, or New Democratic Party (NDP).
The party standings as of the election and as of dissolution on September 7, 2008, are on the table below. Between these events, five members of the House of Commons crossed the floor, one died, twelve resigned, and nine members were elected in by-elections to fill vacancies, leaving four vacancies at dissolution. In that same period, two senators died, six reached the mandatory retirement age of 75, four resigned, and two were appointed to fill vacancies, leaving fifteen vacancies at dissolution. Step-by-step changes are listed in the Members section. See List of Canadian federal electoral districts for a list of the ridings in this parliament.
The Parliament was dissolved by Governor General Michaëlle Jean on the advice of Prime Minister Stephen Harper on September 7, 2008. The general election for the members of the 40th Parliament of Canada was held on October 14, 2008.
| Affiliation | House Members | Senate Members | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 Election Results |
At Dissolution | On Election Day 2006¹ |
At Dissolution | ||
| Conservative | 124 | 127 | 23 | 22 | |
| Liberal | 103 | 95 | 67 | 58 | |
| Bloc Québécois | 51 | 48 | 0 | 0 | |
| New Democratic | 29 | 30 | 1² | 0 | |
| Green | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | |
| Progressive Conservative | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | |
| Independent | 1 | 3³ | 5 | 5 | |
| Independent Liberal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Independent NDP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1² | |
| Total members | 308 | 304 | 100 | 90 | |
| vacant | 0 | 4 | 5 | 15 | |
| Total seats | 308 | 105 | |||
¹Members of the Canadian Senate are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and remain as Senators until the age of 75, even if the House of Commons has been dissolved or an election has been called.
²Lillian Dyck was officially designated as affiliated with the New Democratic Party, despite the fact that the party would not accept her affiliation (due to the party's position on the Senate). Her official affiliation did not change until October 31, 2006.
³André Arthur, Louise Thibault, Bill Casey.
4 Blair Wilson as a member of Green Party.
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