Technical Issues
Such low frequency transmissions require specialized, usually custom made, equipment. In countries where it is allowed, maximum radiated power is usually limited to 1 watt (0 dBW), but even this can be extremely difficult to achieve from practical equipment and antennas. Reception also poses problems due to considerable natural and man-made noise and interference (QRN and QRM).
Many users and experimenters have settled on extremely slow, computer-generated and displayed morse code as the most common transmission mode. This mode is known as QRSS, where the doubling of the S emphasises the extreme slowness. The international Q code QRS means "Please send more slowly", or "slow morse" in radio jargon.
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