Participating NOCs
A total of 67 nations competed in Melbourne. Ethiopia, Fiji, Kenya, Liberia, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo (modern-day Sabah of Malaysia), and Uganda made their Olympic debut. Athletes from East Germany and West Germany competed together as the United Team of Germany, an arrangement that would last until 1968.
For the first time the team of Republic of China effectively represented only Taiwan.
| Participating NOCs |
- Afghanistan (12)
- Argentina (28)
- Australia (294)
- Austria (29)
- Bahamas (4)
- Belgium (51)
- Bermuda (3)
- Brazil (44)
- British Guiana (4)
- Bulgaria (43)
- Burma (11)
- Canada (92)
- Ceylon (3)
- Chile (33)
- Republic of China (13)
- Colombia (26)
- Cuba (16)
- Czechoslovakia (63)
- Denmark (31)
- Ethiopia (12)
- Fiji (5)
- Finland (71)
- France (137)
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- Germany (158)
- Great Britain (189)
- Greece (13)
- Hong Kong (2)
- Hungary (108)
- Iceland (2)
- India (59)
- Indonesia (22)
- Iran (17)
- Ireland (18)
- Israel (3)
- Italy (129)
- Jamaica (6)
- Japan (110)
- Kenya (25)
- Liberia (4)
- Luxembourg (11)
- Malaya (32)
- Mexico (24)
- New Zealand (53)
- Nigeria (10)
- North Borneo (2)
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- Norway (22)
- Pakistan (55)
- Peru (8)
- Philippines (39)
- Poland (64)
- Portugal (11)
- Puerto Rico (10)
- Romania (44)
- Singapore (52)
- South Africa (50)
- South Korea (35)
- Soviet Union (272)
- Sweden (88)
- Thailand (38)
- Trinidad and Tobago (6)
- Turkey (19)
- Uganda (3)
- United States (297)
- Uruguay (21)
- Venezuela (19)
- Vietnam (6)
- Yugoslavia (35)
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Five nations competed in the equestrian events in Stockholm, but did not attend the Games in Melbourne:
- Cambodia (2)
- Egypt (3)
- Netherlands (1)
- Spain (6)
- Switzerland (9)
This was the Olympic debut for Cambodia. Egypt did not compete in Melbourne due to the Suez Crisis, whilst Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland all boycotted the Australian event in protest at the Soviet invasion of Hungary.
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