Ueshiba (植芝, "planted lawn") is a Japanese surname and may refer to:
- Kisshomaru Ueshiba, an aikido master, the second doshu of the Aikikai
- Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of aikido, often referred to as Ōsensei
- Moriteru Ueshiba, an aikido master, the third doshu of the Aikikai
- Mitsuteru Ueshiba, son of Moriteru Ueshiba and presumed heir
- Riichi Ueshiba, a Japanese manga artist